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*Position location to be determined by home country of successful candidate in California, USA; Manila, Philippines; San Jose, Costa Rica; London, UK or Accra, Ghana where WVI is registered to operate.

PURPOSE OF POSITION:

The Director, IT Project and Portfolio Management role is responsible for the management of one or more highly complex or enterprise-wide programs and Tier 4-5 project budgets. He / She facilitates the initiation of complex technical programs to ensure the development of detailed work plans, schedules, project estimates, resource plans, and status reports for each project within a program. He / She manages the tranches of work within a program, ensuring that the program remains aligned with and is coherent in achieving its objectives. In addition to directly supervising a team of project managers, He / She is also accountable for working with business and IT leaders in order to successfully deliver on the initiatives for OurPromise2030.

The IT Director II role is responsible for managing and maintaining global IT processes and standards relevant to their area. This position manages multiple IT processes within one functional area and provides IT services to one or more regions globally.

Individuals within the IT leadership job family have responsibility for activities that contribute to planning, creating and implementing an IT vision and strategy aligned with the company’s strategic business plan. They oversee the development of corporate standards, technology architecture, technology evaluation and transfer. They manage small to large teams of people responsible for developing and delivering IT solutions for the business and customers. Each role within this job family provides technical and business leadership to their organizations as well as to the business.

IT Leaders are also responsible for analyzing trends in technology, assessing the impact of emerging technologies on the business, providing solutions to address technology and business issues, and managing financial resources while ensuring the development of high-quality technology solutions. These solutions must be developed at the best possible cost and be aligned with customer and business needs while establishing relationships with employees and key internal and external stakeholders. They are also responsible for participating and leading the development of an IT governance framework that defines the working relationships and sharing of IT components among various IT groups within the organization.

To be successful, individuals must possess a combination of business, technical and leadership skills and competencies. This requires an understanding of client’s business needs, processes and functions. They also need a solid knowledge of IT infrastructure, architecture, applications development and support, networks, and computer operations. In addition, individuals working in this job family must have excellent communication skills and the ability to influence others.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

Business and IT Strategy:

• Develops the tactical components and strategies to achieve goals.

• Works with business partners to understand business needs.

• Manages the development and implementation of IT initiatives to support business strategy.

Change Management:

• Articulates change.

• Is active and visible throughout the change process.

• Provides frequent, communication to department/organization and clients about the change (i.e., rationale, expected outcomes, the "big” picture) and the impact of the change (individual and business).

• Builds a coalition of sponsorship (managers, staff and clients) and manages resistance to the change.

• Identifies and removes obstacles to change.

Governance:

• Leads or participates in a customer advisory board to manage IT services demand.

• Communicates client’s needs and priorities and provides feedback on pricing and investment.

Architecture:

• Provides input to technology planning within multiple functional areas.

• Implements solutions consistent with current and future architecture.

Process Improvements:

• Participates in the initiation of, and manages the improvement processes that impact customer satisfaction and relationships.

• Owns the designated processes and is accountable for ensuring that established processes are followed.

Finance:

• Participates in the development of IT budgets.

• Tracks and takes appropriate steps to stay within budget.

• Provides high-quality services at optimal cost to customers.

• Measures service performance and implements improvements

IT Technology Development:

• Directs the development and implementation of technology solutions required to increase business efficiency and effectiveness.

Service Level Agreements (SLAs):

• Participates and provides input to the SLA development process.

• Ensures internal SLAs are met.

Vendor Management:

• Provides advice and counsel to the vendor relationship decision-making and contract development processes.

• Assists to ensure contracts are in place

• Reviews service provider performance.

• Identifies and confirms performance problems and notifies contract managers.

Resource Management:

• Meets regularly with team to gather work statuses.

• Discusses work progress and obstacles.

• Provides advice, guidance, encouragement and constructive feedback.

• Ensures work, information, ideas, and technology flow freely across teams.

• Establishes measurable individual and team objectives that are aligned with business and organizational goals.

• Documents and presents performance assessments.

• Recognizes and rewards associates commensurate with performance.

• Implements organizational practices for staffing, EEO, diversity, performance management, development, reward and recognition, and retention.

Workforce Planning:

• Identifies the roles, skills and knowledge required to achieve goals.

• Ensures staff has the resources and skills needed to support all work initiatives within multiple COCs or functions.

• Participates in IT workforce deployment activities.

KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS & ABILITIES:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree in Computer Science, Information Systems, Business Administration, or other related field. Or equivalent work experience.

• Requires experience in managing teams and building relationships with people at a variety of levels.

• Strong leadership skills, and experience in managing virtual teams.

• Typically requires 10+ years of IT and business/industry work experience, with at least 3 years of leadership experience and 5 years in managing projects.

• Willingness and ability to travel domestically and internationally, as necessary.

• Effective in written and verbal communication in English.

• Other languages and advantage.

Preferred Skills, Knowledge and Experience:

• Strong familiarity with project management software.

• Strong familiarity with budgeting, estimating and assessing project risk.

• Experience in developing and deploying project best practices, policies, procedures and processes.

• PMP Certification or Prince2 Certification.

• Experience working for a Big 5 Consulting firms with a focus on Portfolio Management and Outsourcing.

• International Experience; managing projects in EMEA, APAC and Americas.

• NGO experience.

Work Environment/Travel:

• The position requires ability and willingness to travel domestically and internationally often at short notice and up to 30% of the time.

*Country location to be determined based on response.

*Please make sure to answer all questions on the application in order to be considered for the Emergency Response Roster.

PURPOSE OF POSITION:

The Response Programmes Director oversees/leads the Sector Programming Team, including Program Officer(s), Design Monitor Evaluation (DME), Humanitarian Accountability and Information Management. The Programme Director supports the Response Director (RD) and Operations Director (OD) in designing the response strategy and operations plan and works in close coordination with both.

The Response Programmes Director is responsible to manage grant acquisition, assessments, monitor and humanitarian accountability and liaises with Support Offices (SOs), and international donors.

Response Programmes Director is part of the Response Senior Leadership Team. Response Programmes Director will coordinate/advise with Response Director (RD)/Senior Leadership Team (SLT) go or no go for proposals.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

Establish, lead, resource and staff the programmes unit to meet response needs:

• Lead team/individual development and provide direction and support as needed to enable effective performance.

• Contribute to National Office (NO) capacity building in the area of emergency response in coordination with NO leadership and Human Resources (HR).

• Determine Programmes organisational structure and staffing plan with HR.

• Work with HR to recruit and deploy Programmes staff and plan for capacity development.

• Ensure Programmes staff handovers are conducted.

• Develop Programmes budget in coordination with Finance.

• Support RD and Finance in developing Response Budget, ensuring strong alignment and coordination with Operations team during budgeting and budget management process.

• Plan for Programmes Unit transition/integration with NO, where applicable.

Lead the programme planning process to ensure alignment with context, humanitarian needs, response strategy as well as operational feasibility and technical quality:

• Support development of operational intent plan to align with funding allocations ensuring operational feasibility and

• technical quality.

• Support Sectors and Operations Director to draft response plan.

• Work with Grants, Acquisition and Management (GAM) to coordinate grant acquisition.

• Write Operational Intent inclusive of targets.

• Prepare project RACIs (responsible, accountable, consulted, informed) for new grants.

Oversee donor liaison and advocacy is undertaken to resource operations plan to address humanitarian needs. The Response Programmes Director will ensure that the GAM team undertake the following activities:

• Monitor and analyse donor opportunities to ensure they align with operational intent.

• Communicate humanitarian needs identified through assessments, monitoring data and community feedback to in-country donors and Support Offices International Programmes Groups.

• Represent World Vision with potential donors (ECHO, DFID, EU, OFDA, etc.) including bilateral, multilateral and corporate.

• Collaborate with Advocacy to influence donor funding strategies when appropriate.

• Liaises with SOs regarding donor priorities and opportunities for funding.

• Support Finance in the allocation and tracking of response funding to ensure response strategic priorities are funded and effective leveraging of available funding.

• Support mapping of all funding sources with Finance.

• Support funding allocation process (Private Non Sponsorship & grant opportunities) in coordination with Finance, Response Director and Operations to reflect response strategic priorities, operational realities and ensure compliance with relevant funding regulations.

• Support Finance to track donor funding allocation and commitments to ensure response strategic priorities are funded.

• Oversee development and submission of project proposals to donors to resource operations plan.

• Develop project proposals with Operations, Advocacy, Finance and relevant Support functions and ensure stakeholders have the opportunity to review proposals and raise issues prior to submission to donors.

• Ensure proposals are aligned with the operational plan, sector DADDs and standards.

• Ensure proposals are aligned with accountability standards and basic DME requirements.

• Maintain donor and SOs communications to facilitate funding acquisition.

• Support Finance to ensure an up-to-date funding matrix.

Ensure support for Finance to establish grant management system to guarantee fulfillment of donor requirements:

• Support Finance to conduct grant orientation or grant start-up workshops for relevant staff.

• Plan and manage donor reporting to ensure that all donor requirements are met.

• Support Finance with monitoring of grants for compliance with grant requirements.

• Oversee planning, implementation, analysis and sharing of findings from assessments and program monitoring.

The Response Programmes Director will ensure that the DME team undertake the following activities:

• Design and implement community consultation processes to ensure understanding of World Visions role, planned interventions and provide opportunities for input and feedback into programme and project designs.

• Design and implement Information Provision plan to ensure that accurate and reliable information about the programme is made available and shared with communities in a timely and accessible manner.

Establish and support implementation of complaint and feedback mechanisms:

• Document, implement and monitor complaint and feedback systems to ensure timely responses to communities.

• Consolidate and analyse community complaint information to inform Operations and response management of key issues raised by beneficiaries.

• Coordinate Humanitarian Accountability planning and learning with other accountability focused INGOs and LNGOs.

KNOWLEDGE,SKILLS & ABILITIES:

Required:

• A minimum of 3-5 years in leadership role in the humanitarian assistance and development sector, with a significant portion of this in INGOs.

• 5 years experience in humanitarian assistance work.

• Demonstrated understanding of key humanitarian principles, standards and best practices.

• University degree in Humanitarian Studies or relevant field. Masters degree preferred.

• Experience in program management and implementation of multi-sectoral emergency response projects.

• Intensive experience in leading a multi-cultural team of professionals.

• Experience working in a cross-cultural environment.

• Experience working in war zones / fragile contexts.

• Experience in engaging with governmental institutions and multilateral agencies.

• Experience in managing humanitarian operations that facilitate innovation and calculated risk taking.

• Work experience as Program Officer at least for 1-3 years in a country other than the home country.

• Strong team leadership skills.

• Emotional Intelligence (self awareness, managing emotions and those of others, remaining calm/composed, dealing with ambiguity and change).

• Understand Humanitarian Industry and have proven experience within a relief setting.

• Effective in written and verbal communication in English.

• Ability to express ideas and concepts clearly and persuasively with senior internal and external stakeholders.

Preferred:

• Previous experience working in complex emergency/rehabilitation settings.

• Experience coordination with INGOs and other key stakeholders-High degree of negotiation and persuasion skills.

• Ability to work with a reasonable level of comfort in high tension and high security risk situations.

• Ability to maintain performance expectations in diverse cultural contexts psychologically stressful environs and physical hardships.

• Ability to facilitate the creation of cross-functional project teams and the development of national strategies.

• Excellent time-management and prioritization.

• Demonstrates openness and transparency.

*Country location to be determined based on response.

*Please make sure to answer all questions on the application in order to be considered for the Emergency Response Roster.

PURPOSE OF POSITION:

Response Operations Director leads the Operations team and oversees the implementation of the response activities. He/she transforms the response strategy into implemented reality, managing day-to-day sector activities and providing technical guidance to the Programmes team for design and programme quality.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

Ensure program planning is informed by technical standards and operational viability:

• Contribute to planning of sector requirements for people, funding and supplies.

• Ensure all program designs are based on needs assessment findings (primary & secondary data) and analysis,

• targets the most vulnerable/chronically and is operationally viable.

• Ensure all programs refer to technical standards, consider government standards and are aligned with Strategic

• Guidance and Do-Assure Dont Do (DADDs) for the First Phase of Emergency Responses and Sector Packages.

• Ensure inclusion of advocacy issues and cross cutting themes are considered in design.

• Ensure programs and projects are measured according to technical standards and Child Well-being targets.

• Ensure Operations Plans are developed and implemented with community engagement, taking into account local capacities and utilising Do No Harm/Local Capacities for Peace (DNH/LCP).

Establish, lead, resource and staff Operations unit to meet response needs:

• Lead team/individual development and provide direction and support as needed to enable effective performance.

• Contribute to National Office (NO) capacity building in the area of emergency response in coordination with NO

• leadership and Human Resources (HR).

• Determine Operations organisational structure and staffing plan with HR.

• Monitor recruitment and deployment of Operations staff and plan for capacity development.

• Ensure Operations staff handovers are conducted.

• Develop Operations budget in coordination with Finance, ensuring strong alignment and coordination with

• Programming team during budgeting and budget management process.

• Plan for Operations transition/integration.

Conduct response operational planning to ensure effective coordination and timely delivery of response activities:

• Plan and facilitate detailed operational plan and delegate responsibilities to carry out plan.

• Ensure Accountability mechanisms are in place for Community and stakeholder feedback.

• Planning process considers community requirements (i.e. timelines) and progress is monitored by Design, Monitoring & Evaluation (DME).

• Facilitate planning between sectors to meet overall program goals.

• Facilitate requirements planning with Support Services.

• Ensure collaborative planning with external stakeholders such as UN Agencies, other NGOs and Government ministries where possible through coordination mechanisms.

Oversee implementation and monitoring of operations to ensure achievement of response goals and objectives and inform operational improvement:

• Monitor results against sector plans and address identified issues.

• Monitor expenditure reports and take corrective action with Finance and Programs.

• Review Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) and Accountability data with Sectors and Programs to identify and address any issues for operational improvement.

• Review context analysis with Programs and Liaison for Operational Intent adaptation.

• Review findings of learning events and evaluations with Programs to make operational improvements.

• All evaluations of sector interventions are planned with DME to assess effectiveness and timeliness.

Oversee development and implementation of operations reporting systems to support timely and accurate reporting:

• Establish and implement internal reporting system in coordination with DME.

• Ensure Operations provide input for grant/donor and program milestone and reports to Programs.

• Write report on quality risks and their resolution and submit to Response Director on regular basis.

• Ensure that Operations meets reporting requirements for Clusters, Ministries and/or in-country stakeholders.

Ensure implementation of response operations according to safety standards with support from the Security function:

• Organise security assessments for all field operations that inform a security plan.

• Implement the recommendations of the security plan for all field operations.

• Ensure security incident reporting protocols are complied with by operations staff.

• Ensure Operations staff adhere to security standards for staff movement and communications.

• Work with Security to ensure safe and effective Civil/Military relationships with armed actors.

Ensure operations meet WV minimum quality standards and support improvement, reflection, learning and innovation in sectors:

• Ensure previous sectors learning from Global Learning Facilitator are reviewed.

• Encourage the incorporation of sector best practice and innovation.

• Ensure sector have a quality plan to meet quality criteria and minimum sector standards.

• Ensure achievement of all function quality criteria is monitored and reported regularly.

• Ensure risks limiting achievement of objective to quality criteria are reported & rapidly addressed.

• Ensure mechanisms are established to identify, document, and share function lessons learned.

Coordinate with Support Services function for ongoing provision of funds, staff, equipment, vehicles and supplies to ensure timely implementation of operations:

• Ensure Ops submit clear and timely budgets and funds requests to Finance.

• Ensure Ops submit clear and timely staff plans to HR and immediately advises on changes.

• Ensure Ops follow Finance procedures to rapidly process payments to suppliers.

• Ensure Ops submit vehicle requirements to logistics and follow vehicles management guidelines.

• Ensure Ops submit communications requirements to ICT and follow ICT procedures.

• Address delays in Support Services to Response Manager for rapid resolution and waivers.

Identify, report and refer operational blockages caused by external actors to Liaison to be addressed through external advocacy:

• Establish operation team protocols where sector and geographic leads identify and report where external actors are

• delaying/preventing implementation.

• Refer issues delaying implementation to Liaison to resolve through inter-agency coordination and/or government

• relations.

• Ensure protection issues are reported and addressed in coordination with Advocacy.

KNOWLEDGE,SKILLS & ABILITIES:

Required:

• A minimum of 5-7 years in leadership role in the humanitarian assistance and development sector, with a significant

• portion of this in INGOs.

• 5 years experience in humanitarian assistance work.

• Demonstrated understanding of key humanitarian principles, standards and best practices.

• University degree in Humanitarian Studies or relevant field. Masters degree preferred.

• Experience in program management and implementation of multi-sectoral emergency response projects.

• Intensive experience in leading a multi-cultural team of professionals.

• Experience working in a cross-cultural environment.

• Experience working in war zones / fragile contexts.

• Experience in engaging with governmental institutions and multilateral agencies.

• Experience in managing humanitarian operations that facilitate innovation and calculated risk taking.

• Strong team leadership skills.

• Emotional intelligence (self awareness, managing emotions and those of others, remaining calm/composed, dealing

• with ambiguity and change).

• Effective in written and verbal communication in English.

• Academic and on-the-job training in at least one of the support services or response-sector relevant areas.

Preferred:

• Understanding of the international humanitarian system, particularly the systems, structures and key actors.

• Understanding of the key accountabilities that must be maintained in a response (beneficiaries, donors, peers).

• Ability to lead operational planning processes.

• Strong communication skills (oral and written) with ability to express ideas and concepts clearly and persuasively with

• senior internal and external stakeholders.

• Ability to express ideas and concepts clearly and persuasively with senior internal and external stakeholders as well

• as staff.

• Ability to work in coordination with other humanitarian organizations.

• Ability to analyse and make decisions in challenging situations in the absence of specific guidance and/or full information.

• Ability to communicate and model to staff positive behaviors which help them remain resilient and effective in

• dynamic and high pressure environments.

*Country location to be determined based on response.

*Please make sure to answer all questions on the application in order to be considered for the Emergency Response Roster.

PURPOSE OF POSITION:

The Response Director (RD) has primary responsibility for directing the response from strategy to implementation, inclusive of performance and oversight of all aspects of the response. She/he should develop and maintain an efficient, cohesive team, while ensuring effective coordination and relationships with the other agencies, officials, beneficiaries, donors and all areas of the Partnership.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

Develop and monitor implementation of response strategy that addresses WV strategic goals to meet humanitarian needs:

• Lead response strategy development with National Director (ND), Regional Leader (RL), Partnership Executive Team

• (PET) and other senior stakeholders.

• Ensure primary and secondary information on needs inform strategy formulation.

• Ensure context analysis informs strategy development.

• Consult with ND and RL to ensure National Office (NO) strategy and plans (including Child Wellbeing targets) are taken into account in

• response strategy formulation.

• Ensure strategy aligns with anticipated capacity.

• Monitor appropriateness of strategy in addition to implementation of strategy and transition plans.

Ensure response is staffed to meet response needs:

• Lead team/individual development and provide direction and support as needed to enable effective performance.

• Contribute to NO capacity building in the area of emergency response in coordination with NO leadership and Human Resources (HR).

• Determine response organization structure with ND and HR.

• Conduct high-level workforce planning with HR and mobilise surge functions as required.

• Oversee the recruitment of the RDs direct reports.

• Ensure defined accountabilities under the Emergency Management System (EMS) are clear for each function including Term of Reference (TOR) objectives and qualitycriteria.

• Ensure HR works with EMS functions to identify workforce requirements.

• Ensure HR plans for capacity building with EMS functions.

• Ensure HR develops performance planning and review processes that include quality criteria.

• Ensure HR establishes a staff care function and mechanisms that support staff well-being.

• Consult ND to plan Response team transition/integration.

• Ensure adequate internal communications mechanisms are in place to ensure policies, information and decisions are shared with staff as appropriate.

Establish and maintain effective working relationships with humanitarian actors, government representatives, World Vision stakeholders, the media and general public:

• Represent the response in Partnership Executive Team and Partnership Coordination Team (PCT) (where activated).

• Identify and highlight areas of conflict to Response Senior Management Team (SMT), ND, RL and Partnership

• Executive Committee (where activated).

• Create and maintain collaborative relations and where appropriate partnerships with government, other NGOs, UN

• agencies, civil society, churches, bi-lateral missions and donors.

• Participate in consortium meetings and Response related national coordination meetings.

• Ensure World Vision is represented at relevant technical and coordination mechanisms in-country.

• Serve as an organizational spokesperson for media interviews, advocacy initiatives and other public events.

Develop and plan response to achieve response strategy goal and objectives:

• Provide oversight to funding allocation (i.e. Private Non-sponsorship or PNS, grants, etc) to ensure alignment with

• strategy and humanitarian needs.

• Ensure response programme development meets World Vision and international standards.

• Ensure that adequate funding to address humanitarian needs is acquired.

• Ensure Advocacy staff are empowered to integrate advocacy across sectors and to develop child-focused advocacy positions which are aligned with strategy and organisational priorities, in strong alignment with NO and Response

• Operations teams.

• Facilitate the signing of MOUs and contracts, with donors, Support Offices (SOs) and other relevant stakeholders.

• Ensure appropriate waivers are in place to facilitate timely response implementation.

Implement response programme in accordance with commitments to meet international and WV standards:

• Ensure that accessible beneficiary feedback mechanisms are established and functioning.

• Ensure staff establish community accountability methods across all of the response program.

• Monitor and identify risks to programme quality and coordinate resources to address them.

• Ensure that all programmes are implemented, monitored and evaluated according to set plans and that agreements

• with donors, SOs and other stakeholders are adhered to.

• Ensure management meetings address quality risks, relevant monitoring data and community feedback.

• Initiate resourcing mechanisms and ensure financial and material (in-kind) resources are managed according to WV

• standards, donor and SO agreements.

Initiate response funding mechanisms with support of ND, RL & Regional HEA Director (RHEAD):

• Ensure that funding is managed and accounted for in compliance with donors and Support Offices agreements and WV standards.

• Ensure that programme and projects audits are planned and conducted as per WV audit regulations and donor government requirements.

• Ensure that audit reports are responded to and recommendations implemented.

Ensure that response meets World Vision minimum quality standards and supports program improvement, reflection, learning and innovation:

• Ensure previous response learnings from Global learning facilitator are reviewed in program design.

• Encourage the incorporation of best practice and innovation in program design.

• Ensure all functions have quality planning sessions to meet quality objectives of their TOR.

• Ensure achievement level of all function quality objectives is monitored monthly and reported.

• Ensure risks that prevent the achievement of quality objectives are reported and rapidly addressed.

• Ensure mechanisms are established to identify, document, and share lessons learned with Partnership.

Oversee Security function, planning and implementation to ensure response staff and organisational safety and security:

• Ensure staffing of Security function.

• Provide oversight to implementation of security protocols as per CSR.

• Facilitate inter-agency coordination for information sharing and intelligence sharing.

Ensure response internal and external reporting requirements are met:

• Liaise with Programmes and Info Management to ensure internal and external reporting requirements are planned for

• and reports are prepared.

• Review and submit partnership programme reports.

• Prepare and submit monthly management reports.

• Ensure internal response coordination & information sharing mechanisms are functioning.

Ensure that response staff have appropriate housing, offices and information/communication systems:

• Ensure that staff have access to appropriate office space/equipment, information/communication systems/equipment

• and other facilities which enable them to carry out their responsibilities.

• Ensure that all response vehicles and other equipment are well managed and maintained.

• Where necessary, ensure that relevant staff have access to appropriate housing.

KNOWLEDGE,SKILLS & ABILITIES:

Required:

• A minimum of 5-7 years in leadership role in the humanitarian assistance and development sector, with a significant

• portion of this in INGOs.

• 5 years experience in humanitarian assistance work.

• Demonstrated understanding of key humanitarian principles, standards and best practices.

• University degree in Humanitarian Studies or relevant field. Masters degree preferred.

• Intensive experience in leading a multi-cultural team of professionals.

• Experience working in a cross-cultural environment.

• Experience working in war zones / fragile contexts.

• Experience in engaging with governmental institutions and multilateral agencies.

• Experience in managing humanitarian operations that facilitate innovation and calculated risk taking.

• Experience in serving as an organizational spokesperson to media and other external audiences.

• Effective in written and verbal communication in English.

Preferred:

• Ability to express ideas and concepts clearly and persuasively with senior internal and external stakeholders as well

• as staff.

• Ability to work in coordination with other humanitarian organizations.

• Ability to analyse and make decisions in challenging situations in the absence of specific guidance and/or full

• information.

• Ability to communicate and model to staff positive behaviours which help them remain resilient and effective in dynamic and high pressure environments.

Work Environment:

• Work hours are often in excess of 12 hours per day during difficult periods of the response.

• Responses are often mounted in insecure or natural disaster-prone contexts, which may disrupt normal work patterns

• and generate staff safety issues.

• Work and housing environments may at times be well below normal standards in terms of facilities, equipment, food availability and hygiene.